Class 8 Geography Chapter 3: Agriculture – Questions and Answers (JKBOSE/NCERT)
Agriculture is an important chapter in Class 8 Geography that explains how farming supports human life and the economy. This chapter helps students understand different types of farming, major crops, agricultural practices, and the role of agriculture in providing food and raw materials.
In this post, you will find complete Question–Answer solutions for JKBOSE/NCERT Chapter 3 – Agriculture, written in simple and easy language for quick learning and memorization. The content is well-organized, exam-focused, and perfect for revision. Students can read the notes online or download them for study anytime.
1. Answer the following questions
(i) What is agriculture?
Agriculture is a primary activity that involves growing crops, fruits, vegetables, flowers and rearing livestock. It is related to the production and extraction of natural resources to provide food and raw materials.
(ii) Name the factors influencing agriculture.
The main factors influencing agriculture are:
- Topography of land
- Soil fertility
- Climate
- Availability of water
- Technology and labour
- Demand for agricultural products
(iii) What is shifting cultivation? What are its disadvantages?
Shifting cultivation is a type of farming in which farmers clear a piece of land by cutting and burning trees, grow crops for a few years, and then move to another area when the soil loses fertility.
This method is also known as slash-and-burn agriculture.
Disadvantages:
- Causes deforestation
- Leads to loss of soil fertility
- Causes soil erosion
- Burning trees results in air pollution
- Produces low crop yield, which cannot support large populations
(iv) What is plantation agriculture?
Plantation agriculture is a type of commercial farming in which a single crop is grown on a large scale. Examples include tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane, banana, and cotton.
Features of plantation agriculture:
- Requires large capital investment
- Needs large labour force
- Crops are usually processed near the plantation or on the farm itself
(v) Name the fibre crops and the climatic conditions required for their growth.
The two main fibre crops are cotton and jute.
Cotton
- Requires high temperature
- Needs moderate rainfall
- Grows well in black soil
Jute
- Requires high temperature
- Needs heavy rainfall
- Grows well in alluvial soil and humid climate
2. Tick the correct answer
(i) Horticulture means
✅ (a) Growing of fruits and vegetables
(ii) Golden fibre refers to
✅ (c) Jute
(iii) Leading producer of coffee
✅ (a) Brazil
3. Give reasons
(i) In India agriculture is a primary activity.
Agriculture is a primary activity in India because:
- A large part of the population depends on farming for livelihood.
- India has fertile land and favourable climate for agriculture.
- Agriculture provides food for the huge population of the country.
Therefore, about two-thirds of India’s population is directly or indirectly dependent on agriculture.
(ii) Different crops are grown in different regions.
Different crops are grown in different regions because crop cultivation depends on several factors such as:
- Climate
- Type of soil
- Amount of rainfall
- Availability of water
- Technology and labour
- Local demand and lifestyle of people
4. Distinguish between the following
(i) Primary Activities and Tertiary Activities
| Primary Activities | Tertiary Activities |
|---|---|
| Related to extraction of natural resources | Provide services to support other sectors |
| Examples: agriculture, fishing, mining, forestry | Examples: transport, banking, trade, communication |
(ii) Subsistence Farming and Intensive Subsistence Farming
| Subsistence Farming | Intensive Subsistence Farming |
|---|---|
| Farming done to meet the needs of the farmer’s family | Practised on small plots with high labour input |
| Uses simple tools and traditional methods | Uses more labour and sometimes modern techniques |
| Production is small and mainly for local consumption | Production is higher due to intensive cultivation |
✅ Tip for Students:
Remember key terms like subsistence farming, plantation agriculture, shifting cultivation, fibre crops, and horticulture because they are frequently asked in exams.
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