Class 8 Geography Chapter 4: Industries – Questions and Answers (NCERT / JKBOSE)
Industries is an important chapter in Class 8 Geography that explains how raw materials are converted into useful products and how industries contribute to economic development. This chapter helps students understand different types of industries, industrial regions, and the role of industries in providing employment and goods.
In this post, you will find complete Question–Answer solutions for JKBOSE/NCERT Chapter 4 – Industries, written in simple and easy language for quick understanding and memorization. The content is well-structured, exam-oriented, and perfect for revision. Students can read online or download quality notes to make learning Geography simple, effective, and engaging.
1. Answer the following questions
(i) What is meant by the term ‘industry’?
Industry refers to an economic activity concerned with the production of goods, extraction of minerals, or the provision of services.
Examples:
- Iron and steel industry – production of goods
- Coal mining industry – extraction of minerals
- Tourism industry – service provider
(ii) Which are the main factors that influence the location of an industry?
The main factors influencing the location of industries are:
- Availability of raw materials
- Land
- Water supply
- Labour
- Power
- Capital
- Transport
- Market
Sometimes the government also encourages industries by providing incentives such as subsidised power, improved infrastructure, and lower transport costs.
(iii) Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern industry and why?
The steel industry is called the backbone of modern industry because:
- Almost every industry uses steel for machinery and tools.
- Steel is used in construction, transportation, and manufacturing.
- Many industries depend on steel as a raw material for production.
2. Distinguish between the following
(i) Agro-based Industries and Mineral-based Industries
| Agro-based Industries | Mineral-based Industries |
|---|---|
| Use plant and animal products as raw materials | Use minerals and ores as raw materials |
| Examples: cotton textile, dairy, sugar, food processing | Examples: iron and steel, heavy machinery |
| Usually located near agricultural regions | Usually located near mineral resources |
(ii) Public Sector Industries and Joint Sector Industries
| Public Sector Industries | Joint Sector Industries |
|---|---|
| Owned and operated by the government | Owned by both government and private individuals |
| Example: Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) | Example: Maruti Udyog Limited |
3. Give two examples of the following
(i) Raw Materials
Iron ore and Cotton
(ii) End Products
Steel and Cloth
(iii) Tertiary Activities
Transport and Banking
(iv) Agro-based Industries
Dairy and Sugar
(v) Cottage Industries
Pottery and Basket weaving
(vi) Co-operatives
Mother Dairy and Anand Milk Union Limited (Amul)
✅ Exam Tip for Students:
Important keywords from this chapter include industry, agro-based industries, mineral-based industries, public sector industries, cottage industries, and steel industry. These terms are frequently asked in Class 8 Geography exams.
0 Comments